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更新するHCVA0-003日本語問題集 &合格スムーズHCVA0-003日本語認定対策 |実用的なHCVA0-003資格認定
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HashiCorp Certified: Vault Associate (003)Exam 認定 HCVA0-003 試験問題 (Q141-Q146):
質問 # 141
Before the following command can be run to encrypt data, what (three) commands must be run to enable and configure the transit secrets engine in Vault? (Select three) text CollapseWrapCopy
$ vault write transit/encrypt/vendor
plaintext="aGFzaGljb3JwIGNlcnRpZmllZA=="
- A. base64 <<< "hashicorp certified"
- B. vault write transit/encrypt/vendor
- C. vault secrets enable transit
- D. vault secrets list
- E. vault write -f transit/keys/vendor
正解：A、C、E
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
To encrypt data using the Transit secrets engine, it must be enabled and configured. The HashiCorp Vault documentation states: "Enable the Transit secrets engine at the default path of 'transit' using the command vault secrets enable transit. Create an encryption key called 'vendor' using the command vault write -f transit
/keys/vendor. Encode the string using base-64 encoding by using the command base64 <<< 'hashicorp certified'." These steps are prerequisites for the given vault write transit/encrypt/vendor command:
* A (base64 <<< "hashicorp certified"): The docs note, "All plaintext data must be base64-encoded.
The reason for this requirement is that Vault does not require that the plaintext is 'text'. It could be a binary file such as a PDF or image. The easiest safe transport mechanism for this data as part of a JSON payload is to base64-encode it." The provided plaintext aGFzaGljb3JwIGNlcnRpZmllZA== is the base64 encoding of "hashicorp certified."
* D (vault secrets enable transit): "Before you can use the transit secrets engine, it must be enabled with vault secrets enable transit at the default path 'transit/'."
* E (vault write -f transit/keys/vendor): "An encryption key must be created before encryption can occur. Use vault write -f transit/keys/vendor to generate a key named 'vendor'." Bis the target command, not a prerequisite.C (vault secrets list)lists engines but doesn't configure Transit.
Thus, A, D, and E are correct.
Reference:
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Transit Secrets Engine
質問 # 142
What is the default value of the VAULT_ADDR environment variable?
- A. https://vault.example.com:8200
- B. http://vault.example.com:8200
- C. https://127.0.0.1:8200
- D. http://127.0.0.1:8200
正解：C
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
The default address is:
* C.https://127.0.0.1:8200: "Vault assumes the value ofhttps://127.0.0.1:8200when you make requests to Vault."
* Incorrect Options:
* A, B, D: Non-default values requiring manual setting.
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/commands#vault_addr
質問 # 143
You are the primary Vault operator. During a routine audit, an auditor requested the ability to display all secrets under a specific path in Vault without seeing the actual stored data. Which policy permits the auditor to display the stored secrets without revealing their contents?
- A. path "kv/+/production" { capabilities = ["list"] }
- B. path "kv/apps/production/" { capabilities = ["list"] }
- C. path "kv/apps/+/" { capabilities = ["list"] }
- D. path "kv/apps/*" { capabilities = ["list", "read"] }
正解：A
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
The list capability allows viewing secret names without data. The Vault documentation states:
"The list capability is required to list keys at a path without necessarily being able to read the data at those paths. The + symbol is a directory replacement and ANY value would be permitted in that path segment."
-Vault Policies: Capabilities
-Vault Policies: Policy Syntax
* C: Correct. Lists all secrets under kv/<anything>/production:
"This policy allows the auditor to list all secrets under the specified path kv/+/production without being able to read the actual stored data."
-Vault Policies: Capabilities
* A,B: Too narrow, missing some secrets.
* D: Includes read, exposing data.
References:
Vault Policies: Capabilities
Vault Policies: Policy Syntax
質問 # 144
Which of the following are replication methods available in Vault Enterprise? Choose two correct answers.
- A. Namespaces
- B. Performance Replication
- C. Cluster sharding
- D. Disaster Recovery Replication
正解：B、D
解説：
The replication methods available in Vault Enterprise are performance replication and disaster recovery replication. These methods allow critical data to be replicated across clusters to support horizontally scaling and disaster recovery workloads.
* Performance replication enables a primary cluster to replicate data to one or more secondary clusters, which can handle client requests and improve performance and availability. Performance replication replicates most Vault data, such as secrets, policies, auth methods, and leases, but not tokens.
Performance secondaries generate their own tokens and leases, which are not replicated back to the primary. Performance replication also supports filtering, which allows selective replication of data based on namespaces or paths.
* Disaster recovery replication enables a primary cluster to replicate data to one or more secondary clusters, which act as standby clusters in case of a failure or outage of the primary. Disaster recovery replication replicates all Vault data, including tokens and leases, and maintains the same configuration and state as the primary. Disaster recovery secondaries do not handle client requests, but they can be promoted to a primary in a disaster recovery scenario. References: Replication - Vault Enterprise | Vault | HashiCorp Developer, Performance Replication - Vault Enterprise | Vault | HashiCorp Developer, Disaster Recovery Replication - Vault Enterprise | Vault | HashiCorp Developer
質問 # 145
An organization would like to use a scheduler to track & revoke access granted to a job (by Vault) at completion. What auth-associated Vault object should be tracked to enable this behavior?
- A. Authentication method
- B. Token accessor
- C. Lease ID
- D. Token ID
正解：C
解説：
A lease ID is a unique identifier that is assigned by Vault to every dynamic secret and service type authentication token. A lease ID contains information such as the secret path, the secret version, the secret type, etc. A lease ID can be used to track and revoke access granted to a job by Vault at completion, as it allows the scheduler to perform the following operations:
* Lookup the lease information by using the vault lease lookup command or the sys/leases/lookup API endpoint. This will return the metadata of the lease, such as the expire time, the issue time, the renewable status, and the TTL.
* Renew the lease if needed by using the vault lease renew command or the sys/leases/renew API endpoint. This will extend the validity of the secret or the token for a specified increment, or reset the TTL to the original value if no increment is given.
* Revoke the lease when the job is completed by using the vault lease revoke command or the sys/leases
/revoke API endpoint. This will invalidate the secret or the token immediately and prevent any further renewals. For example, with the AWS secrets engine, the access keys will be deleted from AWS the moment a lease is revoked.
A lease ID is different from a token ID or a token accessor. A token ID is the actual value of the token that is used to authenticate to Vault and perform requests. A token ID should be treated as a secret and protected from unauthorized access. A token accessor is a secondary identifier of the token that is used for token management without revealing the token ID. A token accessor can be used to lookup, renew, or revoke a token, but not to authenticate to Vault or access secrets. A token ID or a token accessor can be used to revoke the token itself, but not the leases associated with the token. To revoke the leases,a lease ID is required.
An authentication method is a way to verify the identity of a user or a machine and issue a token with appropriate policies and metadata. An authentication method is not an object that can be tracked or revoked, but a configuration that can be enabled, disabled, tuned, or customized by using the vault auth commands or the sys/auth API endpoints.: (https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/commands/lease/lookup), (https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault
/docs/commands/lease/renew), (https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/commands/lease/revoke), (https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/tokens#token-accessors), (https://developer.hashicorp.
com/vault/docs/concepts/auth)
質問 # 146
......
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